The first incursion by the new Muslim successor states of the Persian Empire occurred around 664 CE during the Umayyad Caliphate(Arab), led by Mohalib towards Multan in Southern Punjab, in modern day Pakistan. Mohalib’s expeditions were not aimed at conquest, though they penetrated only as far as the capital of the Maili, he returned with wealth and prisoners of war. This was an Arab incursion and part of the early Umayyad push onwards from the Islamic conquest of Persia into Central Asia, and within the limits of the eastern borders of previous Persian empires. The last Arab push in the region would be towards the end of Ummayyad reign under Muhammad bin Qasim, after the Arabs would be defeated by the Rajputs at the Battle of Rajasthan in 738 , The Battle of Rajasthan is a battle where the Indian coalition of Gurjara Pratihara and Chalukya dynasty of Lata defeated the Umayyad Caliphate governor of Sindh and Muslim incursions would only be resumed under later Turkic and Pathan dynasties with more local capitals, who supplanted the Caliphate and expanded their domains both northwards and eastwards.

Sind, a principality on the shores of the Arabian Sea and the lower reaches of the Indus, was invaded from the sea by the Muslims in 711. The sea port of Daibul fell first, then several towns on the banks of the Indus, including …………………..