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Bihar Economic Survey 2024–25: 10 Big Takeaways
Tabled on 28 Feb 2025; highlights compiled for policy watchers, exam aspirants, and investors.
At a Glance
- Fast growth: Bihar ranks among India’s fastest-growing states in FY 2023–24.
- GSDP (FY24): ₹8.54 lakh crore (current), ₹4.65 lakh crore (2011–12 constant); growth 14.5% (current), 9.2% (constant).
- Per-capita income (FY24): ₹66,828 (current); ₹36,333 (constant). Patna richest, Sheohar poorest.
- Fiscal deficit: ₹44,823 cr (FY23) → ₹35,660 cr (FY24) → ₹29,095 cr (BE FY25).
- Total expenditure: ₹2.52 lakh cr (FY24) → ₹2.79 lakh cr (BE FY25); development spend ₹1.69 → ₹1.77 lakh cr.
- Sector shares of GSDP: Services 58.6%, Industry 21.5%, Agriculture 19.9%.
- Agriculture: Rice +21%, wheat +10.7%; livestock & fisheries +9.5%.
- Industry & investment: Proposed industrial investment ₹75,293.76 cr; strong gains in micro & large units.
- Infrastructure: Rural paved roads 835 km (2005) → 1.17 lakh km (2025); road density 3,167/1,000 sq km.
- Energy & digital: Per-capita electricity 134 → 363 kWh (2012–13 to 2023–24); e-governance (CCTNS, CFMS, Cyber Cell, e-Challan).
Growth & Fiscal Position
FY 2023–24 growth remained robust, with double-digit expansion at current prices and strong real growth. Fiscal consolidation continued as the deficit narrowed, while the state budgeted higher total and development expenditures for FY 2024–25 alongside a smaller deficit and modest revenue surplus.
| Indicator | FY22–23 | FY23–24 | FY24–25 (BE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fiscal Deficit (₹ cr) | 44,823 | 35,660 | 29,095 |
| Total Expenditure (₹ lakh cr) | — | 2.52 | 2.79 |
| Development Expenditure (₹ lakh cr) | — | 1.69 | 1.77 |
| Per-Capita NSDP/Income (₹) | — | 66,828 (current) | — |
Sectoral Performance
Agriculture
Foodgrains posted healthy gains (rice +21%, wheat +10.7%). The state’s Agricultural Investment Promotion Policy targets seven products—makhana, fruits, vegetables, maize, medicinal plants, honey, and tea—to crowd in private capital and value addition.
Industry & Services
Proposed industrial investment totals ₹75,293.76 crore. Services remain the mainstay at 58.6% of GSDP, with industry at 21.5% and agriculture at 19.9%. Investments in both micro-enterprises and large units have surged alongside employment; mining grew 9%.
Infrastructure & Connectivity
Rural paved road length expanded dramatically from 835 km (2005) to 1.17 lakh km (2025), complemented by new expressways and national highways. Between 2011–24, Bihar posted 7.6% growth in the transport & communication sector (third after UP and Karnataka). Road density stands at 3,167 per 1,000 sq km.
Digital Governance & Energy
State departments adopted e-governance tools such as CCTNS, CFMS, Cyber Cell, and e-Challan. Per-capita electricity consumption rose from 134 kWh (2012–13) to 363 kWh (2023–24). The top five consuming districts are Patna, Gaya, Muzaffarpur, Rohtas, and Nalanda. Public utility services (water, power, gas connections) rose 14.5%.
Women’s Empowerment & Financial Deepening
- SHGs: 10.63 lakh formed; cumulative credit ₹46,900 crore to 21.98 lakh SHGs.
- Banking: Deposits ₹5.27 lakh cr; credit ₹2.97 lakh cr; CD ratio 56.3%.
- Labour force: Female LFPR improved—rural 24.8% → 33.5%, urban 13.8% → 18% (FY23 to FY24), though overall LFPR trails the all-India average.
Education, Health & Social Outcomes
In 18 years, spending rose ~10× (education), ~13× (health and social services). Child welfare outlays introduced in 2013–14 have grown at ~19.4% annually (2016–23). Government secondary-school dropout rates fell by 62.25% over five years.
Environment & Climate Initiatives
Through the Green Budget and the Jal-Jeevan-Hariyali Mission, the state emphasizes resilience and natural-resource management. Forest cover increased by 687 sq km over 12 years.
FAQs
When was the Bihar Economic Survey 2024–25 presented?
28 February 2025.
What is Bihar’s sectoral composition of GSDP?
Services 58.6%, Industry 21.5%, Agriculture 19.9% (FY 2023–24).
How is the fiscal deficit trending?
Down from ₹44,823 cr (FY23) to ₹35,660 cr (FY24); budgeted ₹29,095 cr (FY25).
Which agricultural products are prioritized for investment?
Makhana, fruits, vegetables, maize, medicinal plants, honey, and tea.
Source: Bihar Economic Survey 2024–25 highlights compiled from official report and government releases.
Note: Figures are as per the survey year and budget estimates where indicated.